In our last lesson we identified transformations and key features of sine and cosine functions. We now want to use those skills to sketch graphs. Through understanding the transformations the graph has undergone we can start with a base form of the function ($y=\sin x$y=sinx or $y=\cos x$y=cosx) and transform it in stages to achieve the final sketch. We could also use the following steps to assist in sketching:
7. Shift the points by $c$c units horizontally and then join the points with a smooth curve.
Sketch the graph of $y=3\sin2x+1$y=3sin2x+1 for the interval $0\le x\le2\pi$0≤x≤2π
Think: What transformations would take $y=\sin x$y=sinx to $y=3\sin2x+1$y=3sin2x+1?
Do: List the parameters $a=3$a=3, $b=2$b=2, $c=0$c=0 and $d=1$d=1. Sketch dotted lines for the principal axis: $y=1$y=1, the maximum value: $y=4$y=4 and the minimum value: $y=-2$y=−2.
Find the period: $period=\frac{2\pi}{b}$period=2πb$=\pi$=π. Put tick marks on the $x$x-axis at multiples of the $\frac{period}{4}$period4. So here we will mark our axis at each $\frac{\pi}{4}$π4 (You don't need to label each).
Mark the pattern on the graph. Since we are graphing a sine graph with a positive $a$a value, the pattern will start in the middle then next point will be at the top.
As $c=0$c=0 we do not have to horizontally shift the points. Lastly, join the points with a smooth curve.
Reflect: Does the graph match how it should look after transformations? Does its cycle repeat the correct number of times for the domain given?
Consider the function $y=\sin x+4$y=sinx+4.
Complete the table of values.
$x$x | $0$0 | $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 | $\pi$π | $\frac{3\pi}{2}$3π2 | $2\pi$2π |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
$y$y | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ |
Graph the function.
What transformation of the graph of $y=\sin x$y=sinx results in the graph of $y=\sin x+4$y=sinx+4?
Horizontal translation $4$4 units to the right.
Horizontal translation $4$4 units to the left.
Vertical translation $4$4 units down.
Vertical translation $4$4 units up.
What is the maximum value of $y=\sin x+4$y=sinx+4?
What is the minimum value of $y=\sin x+4$y=sinx+4?
Consider the given graph of $y=\sin x$y=sinx.
How can we transform the graph of $y=\sin x$y=sinx to create the graph of $y=\sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)+3$y=sin(x−π2)+3?
Move the graph to the left by $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 radians and up by $3$3 units.
Move the graph to the right by $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 radians and up by $3$3 units.
Move the graph to the right by $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 radians and down by $3$3 units.
Move the graph to the left by $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 radians and down by $3$3 units.
Hence graph $y=\sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)+3$y=sin(x−π2)+3 on the same set of axes.
What is the period of the curve $y=\sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)+3$y=sin(x−π2)+3 in radians?
Consider the function $f\left(x\right)=\cos x$f(x)=cosx and $g\left(x\right)=\cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)$g(x)=cos(x−π2).
Complete the table of values for both functions.
$x$x | $0$0 | $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 | $\pi$π | $\frac{3\pi}{2}$3π2 | $2\pi$2π |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
$f\left(x\right)$f(x) | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ |
$g\left(x\right)$g(x) | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ | $\editable{}$ |
Using the table of values, what transformation of the graph of $f\left(x\right)$f(x) results in the graph of $g\left(x\right)$g(x)?
vertical translation $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 units downwards
horizontal translation $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 units to the left
horizontal translation $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 units to the right
vertical translation $\frac{\pi}{2}$π2 units upwards
The graph of $f\left(x\right)$f(x) has been provided below.
By moving the points, graph $g\left(x\right)$g(x).
Consider the function $f\left(x\right)=\cos5x$f(x)=cos5x.
Determine the period of the function in radians.
What is the maximum value of the function?
What is the minimum value of the function?
Graph the function for $0\le x\le\frac{4}{5}\pi$0≤x≤45π.