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India
Class XI

Trigonometric ratios of supplementary angles (rad)

Lesson

In this chapter we present ideas in the context of radian measure that were previously discussed for angles measured in degrees.  In other chapters, it was shown how the trigonometric functions of angles of any magnitude are found using the unit circle definitions of the functions and by relating angles to a relative acute angle. The following diagram revisits these ideas and helps to explain the identities that follow.

SOME USEFUL IDENTITIES

$\sin\left(\pi-\alpha\right)\equiv\sin\alpha$sin(πα)sinα $\cos\left(\pi-\alpha\right)\equiv-\cos\alpha$cos(πα)cosα $\tan\left(\pi-\alpha\right)\equiv-\tan\alpha$tan(πα)tanα
$\sin\left(\pi+\alpha\right)\equiv-\sin\alpha$sin(π+α)sinα $\cos\left(\pi+\alpha\right)\equiv-\cos\alpha$cos(π+α)cosα $\tan\left(\pi+\alpha\right)\equiv\tan\alpha$tan(π+α)tanα
$\sin\left(2\pi-\alpha\right)\equiv-\sin\alpha$sin(2πα)sinα $\cos\left(2\pi-\alpha\right)\equiv\cos\alpha$cos(2πα)cosα $\tan\left(2\pi-\alpha\right)\equiv-\tan\alpha$tan(2πα)tanα

 

 

 

It is unnecessary to memorise these identities since they can easily be recovered from a mental or physical diagram like the one above.

Examples

Example 1

If $\sin\theta=0.886$sinθ=0.886, what are $\sin\left(\pi-\theta\right)$sin(πθ) and $\sin\left(\pi+\theta\right)$sin(π+θ)

According to the identity $\sin\left(\pi-\alpha\right)\equiv\sin\alpha$sin(πα)sinα, we have also  $\sin\left(\pi-\theta\right)=0.886$sin(πθ)=0.886

Finally, the identity $\sin\left(\pi+\alpha\right)\equiv-\sin\alpha gives\sin\left(\pi+\theta\right)=-0.886$sin(π+α)sinαgivessin(π+θ)=0.886

The inverse sine of $0.886$0.886 is approximately $1.08865$1.08865 which is about $\frac{\pi}{2.88578}$π2.88578

Example 2

If $\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\right)=x$sin(π2θ)=x, what is $\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+\theta\right)$sin(π2+θ) in terms of $x$x?

From the identities given above, we know that $\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\right)=\sin\left(\pi-\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\right)\right)=\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+\theta\right)$sin(π2θ)=sin(π(π2θ))=sin(π2+θ).

So, $\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+\theta\right)=x$sin(π2+θ)=x.

Example 3

If $\sin x=-\cos\frac{\pi}{4}$sinx=cosπ4, find all possible values of $x$x between $0$0 and $2\pi$2π.

We have, $\sin x=-\cos\frac{\pi}{4}=-\sin\frac{\pi}{4}.$sinx=cosπ4=sinπ4. Since $-\sin\frac{\pi}{4}$sinπ4 is negative, $x$x is in the third or fourth quadrant and, according to the identities, we must have either  $-\sin\frac{\pi}{4}=\sin\left(\pi+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)$sinπ4=sin(π+π4) or $-\sin\frac{\pi}{4}=\sin\left(2\pi-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)$sinπ4=sin(2ππ4). Therefore, the solutions are $x=\frac{5\pi}{4}$x=5π4 and $x=\frac{7\pi}{4}$x=7π4.

 

More Examples

Question 1

Let $\theta$θ be an acute angle (in radians).

If $\tan\theta=0.52$tanθ=0.52, find the value of:

  1. $\tan\left(\pi-\theta\right)$tan(πθ)

  2. $\tan\left(\pi+\theta\right)$tan(π+θ)

  3. $\tan\left(2\pi-\theta\right)$tan(2πθ)

  4. $\tan\left(-\theta\right)$tan(θ)

Question 2

If $\tan x=-\tan\frac{\pi}{3}$tanx=tanπ3 and $\frac{3\pi}{2}3π2<x<2π, what is the value of $x$x?

Question 3

Consider the angle $\theta$θ (coloured green) in the graph.

Which of the following will have the same $\sin$sin value as this angle?

  1. A

    B

    C

Outcomes

11.SF.TF.1

Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of the identity sin^2 x + cos^2 x = 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions and sketch of their graphs. Expressing sin (x + y) and cos (x + y) in terms of sin x, sin y, cos x and cos y. Deducing the identities like following: cot(x + or - y), sin x + sin y, cos x + cos y, sin x - sin y, cos x - cos y (see syllabus document)

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