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India
Class XI

Transformations of Hyperbolas

Lesson

Principles of translation

The hyperbola given by $y=\frac{a}{x-h}+k$y=axh+k can be thought of as the basic rectangular  hyperbola $y=\frac{a}{x}$y=ax translated horizontally (parallel to the $x$x axis) a distance of $h$h units and translated vertically (parallel to the $y$y axis) a distance of $k$k units. We note that under this type of translation:

The centre will move to the point $\left(h,k\right)$(h,k).

The orientation of the hyperbola will remain unaltered.

The asymptotes will become the straight lines $x=h$x=h and $y=k$y=k.

For example, to sketch the hyperbola $y=\frac{12}{x-3}+7$y=12x3+7, first place the centre at $\left(3,7\right)$(3,7). Then draw in the two orthogonal asymptotes (orthogonal means at right angles) given by $x=3$x=3 and $y=7$y=7. Finally, draw the hyperbola as if it were the basic hyperbola $y=\frac{12}{x}$y=12x but now centred on the point $\left(3,7\right)$(3,7).

Note that the domain includes all values of $x$x not equal to $3$3 and the range includes all values of $y$y not equal to $7$7. Here is a graph showing how the basic function $y=\frac{12}{x}$y=12x is translated to horizontally and vertically to become the transformed function $y=\frac{12}{x-3}+7$y=12x3+7

We can also note that as $x\rightarrow3,y\rightarrow\infty$x3,yand as $x\rightarrow\infty,y\rightarrow7$x,y7

 

Finding points

Continuing with our example, to find the point where $x=9$x=9, we simply substitute $x=9$x=9 into $y=\frac{12}{x-3}+7$y=12x3+7 so that $y=\frac{12}{9-3}+7$y=1293+7 or when simplified $y=9$y=9. Thus the point $\left(9,9\right)$(9,9) lies on the hyperbola.

To find the point where $y=13$y=13, set $13=\frac{12}{x-3}+7$13=12x3+7 and solve for $x$x, so that:

$13$13 $=$= $\frac{12}{x-3}+7$12x3+7
$6$6 $=$= $\frac{12}{x-3}$12x3
$6\left(x-3\right)$6(x3) $=$= $12$12
$6x-18$6x18 $=$= $12$12
$6x$6x $=$= $30$30
$x$x $=$= $5$5

Thus another point on the hyperbola is $\left(5,13\right)$(5,13).

Applet

Use the applet to understand how the translation of the basic function works. Try positive and negative values of $a$a

Worked Examples

QUESTION 1

This is a graph of the hyperbola $y=\frac{1}{x}$y=1x.

Loading Graph...

  1. What would be the new equation if the graph of $y=\frac{1}{x}$y=1x was shifted upwards by $4$4 units?

  2. What would be the new equation if the graph of $y=\frac{1}{x}$y=1x was shifted to the right by $7$7 units?

QUESTION 2

This is a graph of $y=\frac{1}{x}$y=1x.

Loading Graph...
A cartesian plane is shown with both the x-axis and y-axis ranging from -10 to 10. A hyperbola is plotted with a function $y=\frac{1}{x}$y=1x.
  1. How do we shift the graph of $y=\frac{1}{x}$y=1x to get the graph of $y=\frac{1}{x}+3$y=1x+3?

    Move the graph $3$3 units to the left.

    A

    Move the graph upwards by $3$3 unit(s).

    B

    Move the graph downwards by $3$3 unit(s).

    C

    Move the graph $3$3 units to the right.

    D
  2. Hence sketch $y=\frac{1}{x}+3$y=1x+3 on the same graph as $y=\frac{1}{x}$y=1x.

    Loading Graph...
    A cartesian plane is shown with both the x-axis and y-axis ranging from -10 to 10. A hyperbola is drawn with a function y = 1/x.

QUESTION 3

Answer the following.

  1. Consider $y=\frac{-1}{x}$y=1x. What value cannot be substituted for $x$x?

  2. In which two quadrants does the graph of $y=\frac{-1}{x}$y=1x lie?

    1

    A

    2

    B

    4

    C

    3

    D
  3. Consider $y=\frac{-1}{x-4}$y=1x4. What value cannot be substituted for $x$x?

  4. In which three quadrants does the graph of $y=\frac{-1}{x-4}$y=1x4 lie?

    4

    A

    1

    B

    3

    C

    2

    D
  5. How can the graph of $y=\frac{-1}{x}$y=1x be altered to create the graph of $y=\frac{-1}{x-4}$y=1x4?

    translated $4$4 units right

    A

    reflected about $x$x-axis

    B

    steepened

    C

    translated $4$4 units down

    D

Outcomes

11.CG.CS.1

Sections of a cone: Circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard equation of a circle.

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