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Bivariate Data
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Create and Interpret Parallel Box Plots

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Practice
Lesson

Parallel box plots are used to compare two sets of data visually. When comparing box plots, the $5$5 key data points are going to be the important parts to compare. This $5$5number summary will give you:

  • the lowest data point
  • the highest data point
  • the upper quartile
  • the lower quartile and
  • the median

Just like when we look at back-to-back stem and leaf plots, we can compare the spread of data in two box plots. We call these parallel box plots as they are presented parallel to each other along the same number line for comparison. They must therefore be in the same scale, so a visual comparison is fairly straightforward. 

It is important to clearly label each box plot. Here I have plotted two sets of data, comparing the time it took two different groups of people to complete an online task. 

 

You can see that overall the under $30$30s were faster at completing the task. Both the under $30$30s box plot and the over $30$30s box plot are slightly negatively skewed. Over $75%$75% of the under $30$30s completed the task in under $22$22 seconds, which is the median time taken by the over $30$30s.  $100%$100% of the under $30$30s had finished the task before $75$75% of the over $30$30s had completed it. 
Overall the under $30$30s performed better and had a smaller spread of scores. There was a larger variance within the over $30$30 group, with a range of $24$24 seconds compared to $20$20 seconds for the under $30$30s.

Key Comparisons

When comparing two sets of data we can compare the 5 key points. as shown above. There are key questions you should ask yourself:

How do the spreads of data compare?
How do the skews compare? Is one set of data more symmetrical? 
Is there a big difference in the medians?

question 1

The box plots show the distances, in centimetres, jumped by two high jumpers.

a) Who has a higher median jump?

Think: The median is shown by the line in the middle of the box. Whose median line has a higher value?

Do: John

b) Who made the highest jump?

Think: The highest jump is the end of the whisker for each jumper. Bill doesn't have an upper whisker as his highest jump was the same as the upper quartile height. Whose jump was the highest?

Do: John 

c) Who made the lowest jump?

Think: The lowest jump is shown on each box plot by the lower whisker. 

Do: Both John and Bill had a lowest jump of $60$60 cm.

 
QUESTION 2

The box plots show the monthly profits (in thousands of pounds) of two financial traders over a year.

Ned

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Tobias

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

Two box plots displayed above horizontal number lines. The box plot above represents Ned's box plot and the one below represents Tobias's box plot. The number lines have major tick marks at intervals of $5$5, ranging from $5$5 to $60$60. Between each major tick marks, there are four minor tick marks representing increment of $1$1 unit. On Ned's box plot, The box spans from $25$25, representing the first quartile, to $41$41, representing the third quartile, with a vertical line dividing the box at $32$32, representing the median. Whiskers extend from the edges of the Ned's box to $14$14 on the left and $55$55 on the right, representing minimum and maximum data points, respectively. On Tobias's box plot, The box spans from $27$27, representing the first quartile, to $40$40, representing the third quartile, with a vertical line dividing the box at $33$33, representing the median. Whiskers extend from the edges of the Tobias's box to $15$15 on the left and $50$50 on the right, representing minimum and maximum data points, respectively.

  1. Who made a higher median monthly profit?

    Ned

    A

    Tobias

    B

  2. Whose profits had a higher interquartile range?

    Tobias

    A

    Ned

    B

  3. Whose profits had a higher range?

    Ned

    A

    Tobias

    B

  4. How much more did Ned make in his most profitable month than Tobias did in his most profitable month?

QUESTION 3

The two box plots below show the data collected by the manufacturers on the life-span of light bulbs, measured in thousands of hours.

Two box plots displayed above a horizontal number line. The box plot above represents Manufacturer $A$A's box plot and the one below represents Manufacturer $B$B's box plot. The number line is titled as "Thousands of hours" and has major tick marks with intervals of $1$1, ranging from $0$0 to $8$8. Between each major tick marks, there is one minor tick mark representing half a unit. On Manufacturer $A$A's box plot, the box spans from $2.5$2.5, representing the first quartile, to $4.5$4.5, representing the third quartile, with a vertical line dividing the box at $4$4, representing the median. Whiskers extend from the edges of the Manufacturer $A$A's box to $1$1 on the left and $5$5 on the right, representing minimum and maximum data points, respectively. On Manufacturer $B$B's box plot, The box spans from $3.5$3.5, representing the first quartile, to $6$6, representing the third quartile, with a vertical line dividing the box at $5$5, representing the median. Whiskers extend from the edges of the Manufacturer $B$B's box to $1.5$1.5 on the left and $8$8 on the right, representing minimum and maximum data points, respectively.

 

  1. Complete the following table using the two box plots. Write each answer in terms of hours.

      Manufacturer A Manufacturer B
    Median $\editable{}$ $5000$5000
    Lower Quartile $\editable{}$ $\editable{}$
    Upper Quartile $4500$4500 $\editable{}$
    Range $\editable{}$ $6500$6500
    Interquartile Range $\editable{}$ $\editable{}$

  2. Which manufacturer produces light bulbs with the best lifespan?

    Manufacturer A.

    A

    Manufacturer B.

    B

QUESTION 4

The box plots below represent the daily sales made by Carl and Angelina over the course of one month.

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Angelina's Sales
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Carl's Sales

Two box plots displayed above horizontal number lines. The box plot above represents Angelina's sales and the one below represents Carl's sales. The number lines have major tick marks at intervals of $10$10, ranging from $0$0 to $70$70. Between each major tick marks, there are nine minor tick marks representing increment of $1$1 unit. On Angelina's box plot, the box spans from $16$16, representing the first quartile, to $42$42, representing the third quartile, with a vertical line dividing the box at $30$30, representing the median. Whiskers extend from the edges of the Angelina's box to $2$2 on the left and $51$51 on the right, representing minimum and maximum data points, respectively. On Carl's box plot, The box spans from $30$30, representing the first quartile, to $49$49, representing the third quartile, with a vertical line dividing the box at $42$42, representing the median. Whiskers extend from the edges of the Carl's box to $14$14 on the left and $64$64 on the right, representing minimum and maximum data points, respectively.

  1. What is the range in Angelina's sales?

  2. What is the range in Carl’s sales?

  3. By how much did Carl’s median sales exceed Angelina's?

  4. Considering the middle $50%$50% of sales for both sales people, whose sales were more consistent?

    Carl

    A

    Angelina

    B

  5. Which salesperson had a more successful sales month?

    Angelina

    A

    Carl

    B

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