Topics
3. Multiplication strategies
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Australia
Year 4

3.09 x9

Lesson
Practice
Lesson

Are you ready?

Multiplication looks at equally sized groups. Can you solve this problem?

Examples

Example 1

Find the value of 8 \times 5.

Worked Solution
Create a strategy

This can be thought of as 8 groups of 5 squares, as represented in the image below.

The image shows eight rows of five squares.
Apply the idea

There are 40 squares in the above image.8 \times 5 = 40

Idea summary

Thinking of multiplication as equally sized groups of objects can make multiplication easier.

9 times table

9 groups is 1 less than 10 groups. Let's look at how we can use this to help us learn the 9 times tables.

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Examples

Example 2

Find the value of 5\times9.

Worked Solution
Create a strategy

We can think of this as 10 groups of 5 minus 1 group of 5.

Apply the idea

First find 10 groups of 5:

\displaystyle 10\times5\displaystyle =\displaystyle 50Add a 0

1 group of 5 is just 5. So now we subtract 5 from 50:

\displaystyle 50-5\displaystyle =\displaystyle 45Subtract 1 group from 5 groups

So we have:

\displaystyle 5\times9\displaystyle =\displaystyle 45
Idea summary

When mutiplying by 9:

  • 9 groups can be thought of as 10\text{ groups }- 1\text{ group.}
  • When we look at the answers up until 9\times10, the units have a descending pattern and the tens have an increasing pattern: 9, \, 18, \, 27, \,36, \, \ldots
  • If we add the digits in the answers of the nine times tables until we get a single digit, that digit is always 9.

Outcomes

AC9M4A02

recall and demonstrate proficiency with multiplication facts up to 10 x 10 and related division facts; extend and apply facts to develop efficient mental strategies for computation with larger numbers without a calculator

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