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AustraliaVIC
VCE 11 Methods 2023

8.05 Sine and cosine functions

Worksheet
Graph of sin x
1

Consider the trigonometric ratio \sin x.

a

Given the values of \sin x for angles in the first quadrant, complete the following table of values:

x0 \degree30 \degree45 \degree60 \degree90 \degree120 \degree135 \degree150 \degree180 \degree
\sin x00.50.710.8710
x210 \degree225 \degree240 \degree270 \degree300 \degree315 \degree330 \degree360 \degree
\sin x-10
b

Hence sketch the graph of y = \sin x for 0\degree \leq x \ \leq 360 \degree.

c

State the coordinates of the y-intercept.

d

State the range of the y-values.

2

Consider the function y = \sin x.

a

Complete the table, writing the values of \sin x in exact form:

x0\dfrac{\pi}{6}\dfrac{\pi}{2}\dfrac{5\pi}{6}\pi\dfrac{7\pi}{6}\dfrac{3\pi}{2}\dfrac{11\pi}{6}2\pi
\sin x
b

Sketch the graph for y = \sin x for -2\pi \leq x \leq 2\pi.

c

Hence state the sign of the following ratios:

i
\sin \dfrac{13 \pi}{12}
ii
\sin \dfrac{4 \pi}{3}
iii
\sin \left(-\dfrac{ \pi}{12} \right)
iv
\sin \left(-\dfrac{17 \pi}{9} \right)
d

In which quadrant of a unit circle do the following angles lie?

i
\dfrac{13 \pi}{12}
ii
\dfrac{4 \pi}{3}
iii
-\dfrac{ \pi}{12}
iv
-\dfrac{17 \pi}{9}
3

Use the diagram of the unit circle to explain the following properties of the graph of \\y=\sin x:

a

The range of values for y=\sin x is \\ -1 \leq y \leq 1.

b

The graph of y=\sin x repeats after every 2\pi radians.

-1
1
x
-1
1
y
4

Consider the graph of y = \sin x:

a

If one cycle of the graph of y = \sin x starts at x = 0, at what value of x does the next cycle start?

b

Determine whether the graph of \\ y = \sin x is increasing or decreasing on the following domains:

i

- \dfrac{\pi}{2} < x < \dfrac{\pi}{2}

ii

\dfrac{\pi}{2} < x < \dfrac{3 \pi}{2}

iii

- \dfrac{5 \pi}{2} < x < - \dfrac{3 \pi}{2}

iv

- \dfrac{3 \pi}{2} < x < - \dfrac{\pi}{2}

-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y
c

State the x-intercept on the domain 0 < x < 2 \pi.

5

Consider the curve y = \sin x:

a

State the x-intercept on the domain - 2 \pi < x < 0.

b

If one cycle of the graph of y = \sin x starts at x = -2\pi, at what value of x does the next cycle start?

c

Determine whether the graph of \\ y = \sin x is increasing or decreasing on the following domains:

i

\dfrac{\pi}{2} < x < \dfrac{3 \pi}{2}

ii

\dfrac{3 \pi}{2} < x < \dfrac{5 \pi}{2}

iii

- \dfrac{3 \pi}{2} < x < - \dfrac{\pi}{2}

iv

- \dfrac{5 \pi}{2} < x < - \dfrac{3 \pi}{2}

-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y
6

Consider the graph of y = \sin x and determine whether the following statements are true or false:

a

The graph of y = \sin x is symmetric about the line x = 0.

b

The graph of y = \sin x is symmetric with respect to the origin.

c

The y-values of the graph repeat after a period of 2 \pi.

-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y
7

Consider the graph of y = \sin x.

Write an expression in terms of n to describe the x-intercepts of the function, where the angle x is measured in radians and n is an integer.

Graph of cos x
8

Consider the equation y = \cos x.

a

Complete the table, writing the values of y = \cos x in exact form:

x0\dfrac{\pi}{3}\dfrac{\pi}{2}\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\pi\dfrac{4\pi}{3}\dfrac{3\pi}{2}\dfrac{5\pi}{3}2\pi
\cos x
b

Sketch the graph for y = \cos x for -2\pi \leq x \leq 2\pi.

c

Hence state the sign of the following ratios:

i
\cos \dfrac{11 \pi}{6}
ii
\cos \dfrac{2 \pi}{3}
iii
\cos \left(-\dfrac{ 7\pi}{12} \right)
iv
\cos \left(\dfrac{ 10\pi}{9} \right)
d

In which quadrant of a unit circle do the following angles lie?

i
\dfrac{11 \pi}{6}
ii
\dfrac{2 \pi}{3}
iii
-\dfrac{ 7\pi}{12}
iv
\dfrac{10 \pi}{9}
9

Consider the graph of y=\cos x:

a

State the coordinates of the y-intercept.

b

State the range of the function.

c

State the period of the function.

d

Determine the x-intercepts on the domain 0 < x < 2 \pi.

-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y
10

Consider the graph of y = \cos x:

a

If one cycle of the graph of y = \cos x starts at x = - \dfrac{\pi}{2}, at what value of x does the next cycle start?

b

Determine whether the graph of \\ y = \cos x is increasing or decreasing on the following regions:

i

- 2 \pi < x < - \pi

ii

- \pi < x < 0

iii

0 < x < \pi

iv

\pi < x < 2 \pi

-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y
11

Consider the graph of y = \cos x:

a

State the x-intercepts on the domain - 2 \pi < x < 0.

b

If one cycle of the graph of y = \cos x starts at x = -\dfrac{3\pi}{2}, at what value of x does the next cycle start?

c

Determine whether the graph of \\ y = \cos x is increasing or decreasing on the following domains:

i

0 < x < \pi

ii

- \pi < x < 0

iii

- 2 \pi < x < - \pi

iv

\pi < x < 2 \pi

-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y
12

Consider the graph of y = \cos x and determine whether the following statements are true or false:

a

The graph of y = \cos x is symmetric about the line x = 0.

b

The graph of y = \cos x is symmetric with respect to the origin.

c

The y-values of the graph repeat after a period of \pi.

-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y
13

Consider the graph of y = \cos x.

Write an expression in terms of n to describe the x-intercepts of the function, where the angle x is measured in radians and n is an integer.

14

Consider the following graphs f(x)=\sin x and g(x)=\cos x:

-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y
-2\pi
-\frac{3}{2}\pi
-1\pi
-\frac{1}{2}\pi
\frac{1}{2}\pi
1\pi
\frac{3}{2}\pi
2\pi
x
-1
1
y

Describe the graph of g(x) in terms of a transformation of the graph of f(x).

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Outcomes

U2.AoS1.1

the unit circle, radians, arc length and sine, cosine and tangent as functions of a real variable

U2.AoS1.4

symmetry properties, complementary relations and periodicity properties for sine, cosine and tangent functions

U2.AoS1.14

the key features and properties of the circular functions sine, cosine and tangent, and their graphs, including any vertical asymptotes

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