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VCE 11 General 2023

5.02 First-order linear recurrence relations

Worksheet
First order linear recurrence relations
1

State the first five terms of the following sequences:

a

a_0 = 7 and a_{n + 1} = a_n + 5

b

a_0 = 2 and a_{n + 1} = 4 a_n

c

a_0 = 3 and a_{n + 1} = 3 a_n - 3

d

a_0 = 54 and a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{1}{3} a_n

e

a_0 = 2 and a_{n + 1} = 0.5 a_n - 7

2

Consider the sequence represented in the table:

a

Is this an arithmetic or geometric sequence?

b

Find x_{10}.

n56789
x_n-23-27-31-35-39
3

Consider the sequence represented in the table:

a

Is this an arithmetic or geometric sequence?

b

Find a_2.

n-3-2-101
a_n21 \dfrac{1}{2} \dfrac{1}{4} \dfrac{1}{8}
4

Complete the sequences in the following tables:

a

x_n is arithmetic

n45678
x_n412
b

y_n is geometric

n45678
y_n412
5

Write a recursive rule, a_{n + 1}, in terms of a_n and the initial term a_0 for the following sequences:

a

- 4 , 6, 16, 26, \ldots

b

7, 13, 19, 25, \ldots

c

- 6 , - 4 , - 2 , 0, \ldots

d

- 9 , - 27 , - 81 , - 243 , \ldots

e

10, - 30 , 90, - 270 , \ldots

f

- 405 , 135, - 45 , 15, \ldots

g

7, \dfrac{63}{2}, \dfrac{567}{4}, \dfrac{5103}{8}, \ldots

h

3 , - 14 , 71, - 354 , \ldots

i

a_n = 4 + 5 n

j

a_n = - 17 \left( - 3 \right)^{n - 1}

6

Consider the sequence: 21, 14, 7, 0, \ldots

Write a recursive rule for a_{n+1} in terms of a_n and an initial condition for a_0.

7

Consider the sequence: 3000, 600, 120, 24, \ldots

Write a recursive rule, T_{n + 1}, in terms of T_n and the initial term T_0.

8

Each term in a sequence is obtained by subtracting 6 from the previous term. The first term is 10. Write a recursive rule, T_{n + 1}, in terms of T_n and the initial term T_0 for this sequence.

9

Each term is obtained by increasing the previous term by 25. The first term is 30. Write a recursive rule for T_{n+1} in terms of T_n and an initial condition for T_0 for this sequence.

10

Consider the sequence: a_{n + 1} = 2 a_n + 3. If a_2 = 61, find a_0.

11

The first term of a geometric sequence is 6. The fourth term is 384.

a

Find the common ratio, r, of this sequence.

b

State the recursive rule, T_{n+1}, that defines this sequence.

12

The third term of a geometric sequence is 16. The sixth term is 128.

a

Find the common ratio, r, of this sequence.

b

Find the first term of this sequence.

c

State the recursive rule, T_{n+1}, that defines this sequence.

13

The first term of a geometric sequence is 8. The third term is 128.

a

Find the possible values of the common ratio, r, of this sequence.

b

State the recursive rule, U_{n + 1}, that defines the sequence with a positive common ratio, and the initial term U_0.

c

State the recursive rule, T_{n + 1}, that defines the sequence with a negative common ratio, and the initial term T_0.

14

The third term of a geometric sequence is 8100. The seventh term is 100.

a

Find the possible values of the common ratio, r, of this sequence.

b

State the first term of this sequence.

c

State the recursive rule, T_{n + 1}, that defines the sequence with a positive common ratio, and the initial term T_0.

d

State the recursive rule, A_{n + 1}, that defines the sequence with a negative common ratio, and the initial term A_0.

Graphs of recurrence relations
15

For each sequence plot below:

i

State the first five terms of the sequence.

ii

Is the sequence arithmetic or geometric?

iii

Write a recursive rule, T_{n + 1}, in terms of T_n and the initial term T_0 for the sequence.

a
1
2
3
4
5
x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
y
b
1
2
3
4
5
x
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
y
c
1
2
3
4
5
x
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
y
16

Consider the sequence: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, \ldots

a

Plot the points on a coordinate plane.

b

Is the sequence arithmetic or geometric?

c

Write a recursive rule for t_{n+1} in terms of t_n and an initial condition for t_0.

17

Consider the sequence: 2, 6, 18, 54, \ldots

a

Plot the first four terms on a coordinate plane.

b

Is the sequence arithmetic or geometric?

c

Write a recursive rule for T_{n+1} in terms of T_{n} and an initial condition for T_0.

18

Consider the sequence: 40, 20, 10, 5, \text{. . .}

a

Plot the first four terms on a coordinate plane.

b

Is the relationship depicted by this graph linear, geometric?

c

State the recurrence relationship, T_{n+1}, in terms of T_n , that defines this sequence.

19

Consider the sequence: 3, -6, 12, -24, \ldots

a

Plot the first four terms on a coordinate plane.

b

Is the relationship depicted by this graph arithmetic, geometric?

c

State the recurrence relationship, A_{n+1}, in terms of A_n , that defines this sequence.

20

Consider the first-order recurrence relationship defined by T_{n + 1} = 3 T_n, \, T_0 = 1.

a

Determine the next three terms of the sequence from T_1 to T_3.

b

Plot the first four terms on a coordinate plane.

c

Is the sequence generated from this definition arithmetic or geometric?

21

Consider the first-order recurrence relationship defined by the following:

i

Determine the next four terms of the sequence, from T_1 to T_4.

ii

Plot the first five terms on a coordinate plane.

iii

Is the sequence generated from this definition arithmetic or geometric?

a

T_{n + 1} = T_n + 3, T_0 = 5

b

T_{n+1} = T_n - 2, T_0 = 5

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Outcomes

U1.AoS2.7

use a given recurrence relation to generate a sequence, deduce the explicit rule, n u from the recursion relation, tabulate, graph and evaluate the sequence

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