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8.03 Introduction to z-scores

Worksheet
Introduction to z-scores
1

Below are the means and standard deviations of approximately normally distributed data sets. Find the corresponding z-score of the value that comes from each data set:

a

Mean =2, standard deviation =3, value =5.

b

Mean =5, standard deviation =2, value =9.

c

Mean =5, standard deviation =9, value =32.

d

Mean =5, standard deviation =4, value =1.

e

Mean =-1, standard deviation =4, value =-5.

f

Mean =-4, standard deviation =2, value =-2.

g

Mean =-7, standard deviation =4, value =-19.

h

Mean =2.2, standard deviation =3.5, value =-3.05.

2

The marks in a recent English exam are approximately normally distributed with mean 53 and standard deviation 4.

Find the value of the z-score that corresponds to an English mark of 45.

3

A data set is approximately normally distributed.

a

If a value that belongs to the data set has a z-score of 4, how many standard deviation(s) is the value away from the mean?

b

Is the value above or below the mean?

4

A data set is approximately normally distributed.

a

If a value that belongs to the data set has a z-score of -1, how many standard deviation(s) is the value away from the mean?

b

Is the value above or below the mean?

5

A data set is approximately normally distributed.

a

If a value that belongs to the data set has a z-score of 2.89, how many standard deviation(s) is the value away from the mean?

b

Is the value above or below the mean?

6

For each approximately normally distributed data set below, we are given the standard deviation, a value from the data set and its corresponding z-score. Determine the mean of each data set:

a

Standard deviation =6, value =11, z-score =1.

b

Standard deviation =2, value =-1, z-score =2.

c

Standard deviation =4, value =-3, z-score =-2.

d

Standard deviation =9.5, value =-15.4, z-score =-0.8.

e

Standard deviation =9, value =19, z-score =3.

f

Standard deviation =8, value =-15, z-score =-3.

g

Standard deviation =4.3, value =21.46, z-score =3.2.

7

For each approximately normally distributed data set below, we are given the mean, a value from the data set and its corresponding z-score. Determine the standard deviation of each data set:

a

Mean =3, value =10, z-score =1.

b

Mean =4, value =-1, z-score =-1.

c

Mean =-2, value =-7, z-score =-1.

d

Mean =7.3, value =21.38, z-score =3.2.

e

Mean =6, value =-3, z-score =-3.

f

Mean =-6, value =15, z-score =3.

g

Mean =8.8, value =33.12, z-score =3.2.

8

A data set is approximately normally distributed with mean \overline{x} and standard deviation s. Find the z-score that corresponds to each of the following values:

a

\overline{x}+s

b

\overline{x}+2s

c

\overline{x}-3s

9

A data set is approximately normally distributed with mean 275 and standard deviation 44.

a

What is the mean of the set of z-scores that come from the data set?

b

What is the standard deviation of the set of z-scores that come from the data set?

10

A data set is approximately normally distributed with a certain mean and standard deviation.

a

What is the mean of the set of z-scores that come from the data set?

b

What is the standard deviation of the set of z-scores that come from the data set?

Applications
11

The amount of food (in kilograms) that goes to waste at a particular restaurant each week is approximately normally distributed with mean unknown and standard deviation 4\text{ kg}.

One week, the restaurant wastes 79\text{ kg} of food, which has a z-score of 3. What is the average amount of waste the restaurant produces each week?

12

The heights of emus are approximately normally distributed with mean 194\text{ cm} and standard deviation unknown.

If an emu's height is 171.75\text{ cm}, and has a z-score of - 2.5, what is the value of the standard deviation in centimetres?

13

The number of successful free throws a basketball team makes each game is approximately normally distributed with mean 24 and standard deviation 2.

a

Find the number of successful free throws which is 2 standard deviations above the mean.

b

Find the value of the z-score that corresponds to the number of successful free throws found in part (a).

14

The volume of bottled water is approximately normally distributed with mean 500\text{ mL} and standard deviation 0.5\text{ mL}.

a

Find the volume of water which is 2.2 standard deviations below the mean.

b

Find the value of the z-score that corresponds to the volume of water found in part (a).

15

The heights of a group of Year 12 students (in centimetres) are approximately normally distributed. The heights are shown below:

163, \, 166, \, 159, \, 162, \, 168, \, 167, \, 166, \, 163, \, 162, \, 163

a

Given that the mean is 163.9\text{ cm }and the standard deviation is approximately 2.62\text{ cm}, calculate the following z-scores to two decimal places:

\text{Height (cm)}159162162163163163166166167168
z-\text{scores}
b

What is the mean of the z-scores correct to the nearest integer?

c

What is the standard deviation of the z-scores correct to the nearest integer?

d

Is the following statement true or false?

"All data sets that are approximately normally distributed have z-scores with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1."

16

The number of runs scored by Mario in each cricket match is approximately normally distributed. His runs are shown below:

49, \, 56, \, 48, \, 49, \, 48, \, 45, \, 45, \, 48, \, 40, \, 55

a

What was his average number of runs correct to two decimal places?

b

What was his standard deviation correct to two decimal places?

c

Calculate the following z-scores to two decimal places:

\text{Runs}40454548484849495556
z-\text{scores}
d

What is the mean of the z-scores correct to the nearest integer?

e

What is the standard deviation of the z-scores correct to the nearest integer?

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Outcomes

MS2-12-2

analyses representations of data in order to make inferences, predictions and draw conclusions

MS2-12-7

solves problems requiring statistical processes, including the use of the normal distribution and the correlation of bivariate data

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