Connecting Area and Perimeter (Investigation)

Let's explore how areas can change if we keep the perimeter the same.

In mathematics we would say, let's explore how the area can change if the perimeter is kept constant.  

Here's an activity that you can try. 

You will need a large rope or piece of string that is joined in a loop. Make sure the rope is quite strong.

Now, get two friends and each hold on to the rope somewhere.

Now pull the rope tight.

Here is your task.

• What do you think will be the best way to do this?
• What would happen if the triangle was really long with one person standing far away?
• Is it better to have two people standing close together or further apart?

 

Try the activity and then read on.

 

Here are three possible arrangements that I got when I did this activity with my friends.

• In the first arrangement, two people are close together and one person is far away. This means the field is long, but far too thin.
• In the second arrangement, two people are far away, and the third person pulls the rope about halfway between them. But the third person can't pull enough rope, so the triangle is still too thin.
• In the third arrangement, the two people come a little closer together and the third person halfway can pull the rope further away, and finally the area is starting to become larger.

This tells us that to get the largest area, we want everyone to be as spread out as possible.

So, as it turns out, if everyone is equally far apart, with the rope forming an equal-sided triangle, the area will be as large as possible!

Now, what if you added another person? Can you guess what shape will make the largest area?

If we want everyone to be as spread out as possible, the rope will make a square!

Now, let's try something different.

Following the pattern from before, we want the rope to be as spread out as possible. What shape has the most spread out perimeter as possible?

The answer: the circle.

For any fixed perimeter, like our rope, the circle is the shape with the largest possible area.

Think about air in a balloon. It wants to spread out as much as possible, so the balloon takes on a circular shape.