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Intercepts

Lesson

Straight lines are lines on the Cartesian Plane that extend forever in both directions.  If we ignore for a moment the special cases of horizontal and vertical lines, straight lines will cross both the $x$x-axis and the $y$y-axis or maybe through the point where the $x$x and $y$y axes cross (called the origin).

Here are some examples...

The word intercept in mathematics refers to a point where a line, curve or function crosses or intersects with the axes.

  • We can have $x$x intercepts: where the line, curve or function crosses the $x$x axis.
  • We can have $y$y intercepts: where the line, curve or function crosses the $y$y axis.

Consider what happens as you move up or down along the $y$y-axis. You eventually reach the origin ($\left(0,0\right)$(0,0)) where $y=0$y=0. Now, if you move along the $x$x-axis in either direction, the $y$y value is still $0$0.

Similarly, consider what happens as you move along the $x$x-axis. You eventually reach the origin where $x=0$x=0. Now, if you move along the $y$y-axis in either direction, the $x$x value is still $0$0

So, two important properties are: 

  • any point on the $x$x-axis will have $y$y value of $0$0
  • any point on the $y$y-axis will have $x$x value of $0$0

We can use these properties to calculate or identify $x$x and $y$y intercepts for any line, curve or function.

Intercepts

The $x$x intercept occurs at the point where $y=0$y=0.

The $y$y intercept occurs at the point where $x=0$x=0.

 

Written Examples

Find the $x$x and $y$y intercepts for the following lines.

 

Question 1

$y=3x$y=3x

Think:  The $x$x intercept occurs when $y=0$y=0.  The $y$y intercept occurs when $x=0$x=0.

Do:  When $x=0$x=0, $y=3\times0$y=3×0 = $0$0 

This means that this line passes through $\left(0,0\right)$(0,0), the origin.  The $x$x and $y$y intercept occur at the same point!

This particular form of a straight line $y=mx$y=mx always passes through the origin.  

Question 2

$y=4x-7$y=4x7

Think:  The $x$x intercept occurs when $y=0$y=0.  The $y$y intercept occurs when $x=0$x=0.

DoWhen $x=0$x=0

$y=4\times0-7$y=4×07 = $-7$7  So the $y$y intercept is $-7$7

When $y=0$y=0

$0$0 $=$= $4x-7$4x7
$7$7 $=$= $4x$4x
$\frac{7}{4}$74 $=$= $x$x

So the $x$x intercept is $\frac{7}{4}$74

This form of a straight line $y=mx+b$y=mx+b, always has $y$y intercept of $b$b.  

The $x$x intercept is easy to work out after that (substitute $y=0$y=0).

 

Question 3

$2y-5x-10=0$2y5x10=0

Think:  The $x$x intercept occurs when $y=0$y=0.  The $y$y intercept occurs when $x=0$x=0.

Do:  When $x=0$x=0, the $5x$5x term disappears.  This leaves us with:

$2y-10$2y10 $=$= $0$0
$2y$2y $=$= $10$10
$y$y $=$= $5$5

So the $y$y intercept is $5$5

When $y=0$y=0, the $2y$2y term disappears.  This leaves us with:

$-5x-10$5x10 $=$= $0$0
$-5x$5x $=$= $10$10
$x$x $=$= $-2$2

 

So the $x$x intercept is $-2$2

 

 

Let's have a look at some worked solutions.

Question 4 

What is the $x$x-value of the $x$x-intercept of the line $-3x+4y=-27$3x+4y=27?

 

Question 5

What is the $y$y-value of the $y$y-intercept of the line with equation: $-5x+3y=27$5x+3y=27

Question 6

Consider the points in the table below:

Time in minutes ($x$x) $1$1 $2$2 $3$3 $4$4 $5$5
Temperature in °C ($y$y) $8$8 $11$11 $14$14 $17$17 $20$20
  1. By how much is the temperature increasing each minute?

  2. What would the temperature have been at time 0?

  3. Which of the following shows the algebraic relationship between $x$x and $y$y?

    $y=5x+3$y=5x+3

    A

    $y=-3x+5$y=3x+5

    B

    $y=3x+5$y=3x+5

    C

    $y=-5x+3$y=5x+3

    D

 

Outcomes

NA5-9

Relate tables, graphs, and equations to linear and simple quadratic relationships found in number and spatial patterns.

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